Sustainable Refurbishment

<p>Preface ix</p>
<p>Acknowledgements xi</p>
<p>Abbreviations xii</p>
<p>Part 1 Introduction to Building Refurbishment 1</p>
<p>Chapter 1 What is Building Refurbishment? 3</p>
<p>1.1 Introduction 4</p>
<p>1.2 Definitions of Refurbishment 5</p>
<p>1.3 Building Refurbishment Market and Size 10</p>
<p>Endnotes 14</p>
<p>Chapter 2 Sustainable Refurbishment 15</p>
<p>2.1 Introduction 16</p>
<p>2.2 Overview of Sustainable Development 17</p>
<p>2.3 Sustainable Development and Building Refurbishment 29</p>
<p>Endnotes 33</p>
<p>Chapter 3 Occupant Evaluation 34</p>
<p>3.1 Introduction 35</p>
<p>3.2 Changes in Work Patterns 37</p>
<p>3.3 Pre– and Post–Occupancy Evaluations (POE) 38</p>
<p>Endnotes 45</p>
<p>Part 2 Managing Refurbishment as a Process 47</p>
<p>Chapter 4 Drivers for Sustainable Refurbishment? 49</p>
<p>4.1 Market Pressures 50</p>
<p>4.2 Return on Investment 55</p>
<p>4.3 Regulatory Incentives 60</p>
<p>4.4 Financial Incentives and Taxes 65</p>
<p>4.5 Climate Change 71</p>
<p>4.6 Corporate Responsibility 76</p>
<p>4.7 Skills 79</p>
<p>Endnotes 81</p>
<p>Chapter 5 Developing a Business Plan and Strategy 84</p>
<p>5.1 Costs and Risks to Refurbish 85</p>
<p>5.2 Barriers to Refurbishment 86</p>
<p>5.3 Delivering Commercially Viable Refurbishment 87</p>
<p>5.4 Factors to Consider to Improve the Performance 88</p>
<p>5.5 Defining the Strategy 89</p>
<p>Endnotes 89</p>
<p>Chapter 6 Managing Delivery 90</p>
<p>6.1 Delivering a Sustainable Refurbishment 91</p>
<p>6.2 Minor Refurbishment Approach 92</p>
<p>6.3 Major and Comprehensive Refurbishment Approach 94</p>
<p>6.4 Green Leases 96</p>
<p>6.5 ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standards 98</p>
<p>6.6 Energy Star 101</p>
<p>6.7 Managing–Delivery Checklist 102</p>
<p>Endnote 102</p>
<p>Chapter 7 Managing Impacts 103</p>
<p>7.1 International Standards 104</p>
<p>7.2 LEED and BREEAM 106</p>
<p>7.3 Project Sustainability Assessment 110</p>
<p>7.4 Performance Improvements from Standards 114</p>
<p>7.5 Behavioural Change 116</p>
<p>Endnotes 117</p>
<p>Part 3 Low–Carbon Technologies and Materials 119</p>
<p>Chapter 8 Energy–Efficiency Measures 121</p>
<p>8.1 Introduction 122</p>
<p>8.2 Refurbishment Options and Approach 125</p>
<p>8.3 Assessing Costs of Energy–Efficiency Measures 130</p>
<p>8.4 Fabric and Passive Energy–Efficiency Measures 134</p>
<p>8.5 Energy–Efficiency Measures Mechanical 141</p>
<p>8.6 ESCOs and Energy–Performance Contracting 148</p>
<p>8.7 Energy–Efficiency and Low–Carbon Checklist 154</p>
<p>8.8 Health and Indoor–Environment Checklist 155</p>
<p>Endnotes 156</p>
<p>Chapter 9 Behavioural Change 157</p>
<p>9.1 Commissioning Buildings 158</p>
<p>9.2 Energy Conservation as a Behaviour 160</p>
<p>Endnotes 164</p>
<p>Chapter 10 Renewable Energy 165</p>
<p>10.1 Introduction 166</p>
<p>10.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 168</p>
<p>10.3 Solar Thermal Hot–Water Systems 170</p>
<p>10.4 Wind Turbines 173</p>
<p>10.5 Biofuel Heating 175</p>
<p>10.6 Geothermal Energy 179</p>
<p>10.7 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 180</p>
<p>10.8 Heat Pumps 183</p>
<p>Endnote 185</p>
<p>Chapter 11 Embodied Carbon 186</p>
<p>11.1 Introduction 187</p>
<p>11.2 Embodied Carbon Standards 188</p>
<p>11.3 Varying Embodied Carbon Values in Buildings 192</p>
<p>Case Study 1 London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA): Energy Case Study 196</p>
<p>Case Study 2 89 Culford Road: Extreme Low–Carbon Dwelling Refurbishment 202</p>
<p>Case Study 3 Empire State Building to Become a Model of Energy 205</p>
<p>Endnotes 214</p>
<p>Part 4 Environmental Areas 215</p>
<p>Chapter 12 Material Use and Resource Efficiency 217</p>
<p>12.1 Introduction 218</p>
<p>12.2 Material–Certification Schemes 219</p>
<p>12.3 Material Procurement 221</p>
<p>12.4 Designing–in Sustainable Materials 222</p>
<p>12.5 Material Resource Efficiency 224</p>
<p>12.6 Site Waste Management 226</p>
<p>12.7 Materials and Resource Efficiency Checklist 230</p>
<p>Endnotes 231</p>
<p>Chapter 13 Water Conservation 233</p>
<p>13.1 Performing a Water Audit 234</p>
<p>13.2 Reducing Water Use 236</p>
<p>13.3 Rainwater Harvesting 238</p>
<p>13.4 Flood Risk and Sustainable Drainage Systems 240</p>
<p>13.5 Water–Conservation Checklist 240</p>
<p>Endnote 241</p>
<p>Chapter 14 Biodiversity 242</p>
<p>14.1 Introduction 243</p>
<p>14.2 Green Roofs and Walls 244</p>
<p>14.3 Provision for Birds 253</p>
<p>14.4 Biodiversity Checklist 254</p>
<p>Endnotes 255</p>
<p>Chapter 15 Transport 256</p>
<p>15.1 Developing a Travel Plan 257</p>
<p>15.2 Delivery Travel Plans 259</p>
<p>15.3 Transport Checklist 260</p>
<p>Glossary 262</p>
<p>Further Reading and Websites 266</p>
<p>Index 271</p>